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Species Information
Summary: Also listed in Morels etc. category. Features include a chestnut to blackish brown fruitbody with a pale border, lying flat but undulating, the underside ocher to yellow with conspicuous rhizoids, growing on the ground in coniferous forests, especially on burned ground, and microscopic characters including spores with appendages at both ends.
Rhizina undulata is found at least in BC, WA, OR, ID, also AB, MB, NB, NF, NT, ON, SK, AK, U.K., and the Netherlands, and is known from Asia, (Abbott). It occurs also in OR (Larsen), and MT (Seaver).
Upper surface: up to 10cm wide, disc-shaped to convex and reflexed, sometimes fused with adjacent fruitbodies; medium to dark red-brown fresh to blackish brown dried, undulating and wrinkled, typically with a distinct white to yellow or yellow brown marginal zone, (Abbott), 2-10cm wide, (or sometimes fruitbodies confluent and covering several square decimeters), flat to cushion-like, hollow, lying on ground, undulating, folded, with bosses; chestnut-brown to black-brown, when young with whitish margin; when young smooth, dull to shining, (Breitenbach)
Flesh: fragile, spongy, when old tough; light brownish, (Breitenbach)
Underside: "white to pallid brown, finely pubescent, with several to many white, yellow or pallid gray brown rhizoid-like projections" that extend to substrate and are ingrown with debris, up to 3cm long, (Abbott), ocher to yellow "with conspicuous, forked, rootlike outgrowths (rhizoids), to which plant remains usually adhere", (Breitenbach)
Stem: none (Abbott)
Microscopic: spores 30-45 x 8-15 microns, narrowly fusoidal, rough, colorless, with 2 to 4 droplets; asci 375-450 x 12.4-19.9 microns; paraphyses clavate, 5.4-7.9 microns wide at tip, colorless, with brown encrusted pigment, contents finely granular; setae 6.6-8.1 microns in lower part, widening gradually to 8.8-10.9 microns at tip, sometimes lobed, brown, thick-walled except tip thin-walled, aseptate, (Abbott), spores (28)30-40 x 7-10 microns not including appendages, fusiform-navicular [spindle-boat-shaped], "finely warty to rough, sometimes connected transversely to form ridges", with 2 drops and colorless pointed appendages on both ends, appendages 3-5 microns long, spores in part biseriate; asci 8-spored, 300-400 x 15-20 microns, inamyloid; paraphyses "cylindrical and with slight clavate thickenings to 5-8 microns, tips encrusted with amorphous brownish substance, with few septa"; setae "brownish, thick-walled, not septate, tips blunt, lighter, arising from deep within medulla and reaching to the surface of the hymenium", (Breitenbach)
Habitat / Range
single to gregarious or numerous and scattered "on soil, duff or woody debris, typically in recently burned areas under conifers", March to November; a pathogen of conifer seedlings, (Abbott), gregarious in coniferous forests, "clearcuts, tree farms of young spruces, commonly in or near burned ground, on mossy ground", May to October, (Breitenbach for Switzerland)
